COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Pfizer and Moderna created vaccines for the Covid-19 virus.

Mikael Dolsten was the Chief Scientist for Pfizer, and Dr. Tal Zaks was the Chief Scientific Officer for Moderna. They are both Jewish.

Selig Percy Amoils, FRCS, is a South African ophthalmologist and biomedical engineer who, in 1965, refined the cryoextraction method of cataract surgery by developing a cryoprobe that was cooled through the Joule-Thomson effect of gas expansion. His system is still widely used in the fields of ophthalmology and gynaecology.

Amoils was also awarded a patent for his "rotary epithelial scrubber", an improvement on the brush first developed by Ioannis Pallikaris that removes corneal epithelial cells in preparation for photorefractive keratectomy. In 1970, he invented the diamond vitrectomy cutter, various instruments enabling micro-control of blade depth in radial keratotomy, as well as the oval comparator, or astigmometer, to control astigmatism after cataract surgery.

Ruth Arnon - Israel biochemist and co-developer of the multiple sclerosis drug Copaxone

Samuel E Blum - LASIK eye surgery. The co-inventors included chemist Rangaswamy Srinivasan(G) and physicist James J. Wynne(g)

Baruch Samuel Blumberg known as Barry Blumberg — was an American physician, geneticist, and co-recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize for discovering "new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases." Blumberg identified the hepatitis B virus, and later developed its diagnostic test and vaccine.

Stanley N. Cohen - Genetic Engineering (1973)

Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer were the first scientists to transplant genes from one living organism to another, a fundamental discovery for genetical engineering. Thousands of products have been developed on the basis of their work, including human growth hormone and hepatitis B vaccine.

Carl Djerassi - chemist, novelist, and playwright best known for his contribution to the development of the first oral contraceptive pill (OCP). He is considered "The father of The Pill".

Paul Ehrlich, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, 1908 - hematologist & immunologist; noted for curing syphilis and for his research in autoimmunity, chemotherapy & immunotherapy. He discovered arsphenamine  (Salvarsan) which cured Syphilis

Arthur Eichengrün  was a chemist, materials scientist, and inventor known for developing the highly successful anti-gonorrhea drug Protargol, the standard treatment for 50 years until the adoption of antibiotics. Eichengrün claimed to have directed the initial synthesis of aspirin in 1897,^[3] but his claim has been disputed. For many years Bayer credited Felix Hoffmann, Eichengrün's junior, with the invention of aspirin. However, the first attribution of the discovery to Hoffmann appears in 1934, and may have reflected anti-Jewish revisionism.

Alfred Einhorn was a German chemist most notable for first synthesizing procaine in 1905 which he patented under the name Novocain

Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion was an American

 biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs. This new method focused on understanding the target of the drug rather than simply using trial-and-error. Her work led to the creation of the AIDS drug AZT. Her well known works also include the development of the first immunosuppressive drug, azathioprine, used to fight rejection in organ transplants, and the first successful antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV), used in the treatment of herpes infection. anti-leukaemia, gout, meningitis and herpes drugs

Sigmund Schlomo Freud, Psychoanalysis.

This Austrian Jew is the Father of Psychoanalysis and as such greatly influenced those psychiatrists that came after him.  His research and thinking is some of the most influential and insightful delving into the human mind of all time.  Cracked fact:  Freud thought that the fear of castration among males is provoked by uncircumcised boys seeing boys that are circumcised and as such this constitutes the root of anti-Semitism.  Additionally, Freud thought that belief in God is an “illusion” and basically exists to calm man’s fear of “nature” and death.

Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haffkine, CIE Recognized as the first microbiologist who developed and used vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague. Was named "a saviour of humanity".

Gavriel Iddan is an Israeli electro-optical engineer and the inventor of wireless capsule endoscopy. ( a pill sized camera) Worked on guided missile technology but got the idea for an endoscopic capsule while on sabbatical in Boston from a neighbour of his, an Israeli gastroenterologist suffering from undiagnosed stomach pain. After working on the idea for almost twenty years, he successfully created a prototype in 1998 – a disposable pill-sized camera that passes straight through the digestive tract, continuously broadcasting to an external receiver.

Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov was a Soviet physician, known for inventing the Ilizarov apparatus for lengthening limb bones and for the method of surgery named after him, the Ilizarov surgery.

He discovered that by carefully severing a bone without severing the periosteum around it, one could separate two halves of a bone slightly and fix them in place, and the bone would grow to fill the gap. He also discovered that bone regrows at a fairly uniform rate across people and circumstances.

Charles David Kelman an American ophthalmologist, surgeon, inventor, jazz musician, entertainer, and Broadway producer. Known as the father of phacoemulsification, he developed many of the medical devices, instruments, implant lenses and techniques used in cataract surgery. In the early 1960s, he began the use of cryosurgery to remove cataracts and repair retinal detachments. Cryosurgery for cataracts remained in heavy use until 1978, when phacoemulsification, a procedure Kelman also developed in 1967 became the modern standard treatment.

Esther Miriam Zimmer Lederberg (December 18, 1922 – November 11, 2006) was an American microbiologist and a pioneer of bacterial genetics. She discovered the bacterial virus λ and the bacterial fertility factor F, devised the first implementation of replica plating, and furthered the understanding of the transfer of genes between bacteria by specialized transduction.

Oscar Leibreich

Liebreich introduced the method of phaneroscopic illumination for the study of lupus; showed the value of cantharidin in tuberculosis, of mercuric formamide and of lanolin in syphilis, of butylchloral hydrate and of ethylene chloride as anesthetics.

Otto Loewi was apharmacologist and psychobiologist who discovered the role of acetylcholine as an endogenous neurotransmitter. For his discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936, which he shared with Sir Henry Dale(g), who was a lifelong friend that helped to inspire the neurotransmitter experiment.

Before Loewi's experiments, it was unclear whether signaling across the synapse was bioelectrical 

or chemical. While pharmacology experiments had established that physiological responses such as muscle contraction could be induced by chemical application, there was no evidence that cells released chemical substances to cause these responses. On the contrary, researchers had shown that physiological responses could be caused by applying an electrical impulse, which suggested that electrical transmission may be the only mode of endogenous signaling

Loewi's famous experiment largely answered this question. He dissected out of frogs two beating hearts: one with the vagus nerve which controls heart rate attached, the other heart on its own. Both hearts were bathed in a saline solution (i.e. Ringer's solution). By electrically stimulating the vagus nerve, Loewi made the first heart beat slower. Then, Loewi took some of the liquid bathing the first heart and applied it to the second heart. The application of the liquid made the second heart also beat slower, proving that some soluble chemical released by the vagus nerve was controlling the heart rate. the unknown chemical  corresponded to acetylcholine. His experiment was iconic because it was the first to demonstrate the endogenous release of a chemical substance that could cause a response in the absence of electrical stimulation. It paved the way for the understanding that the electrical signaling event (action potential) causes a chemical event (release of neurotransmitter from synapses) that is ultimately the effector on the tissue.

Irving Millman was a noted virologist and microbiologist.

Millman's work with Baruch Blumberg helped lead to the creation of a test to detect hepatitis B. The test allowed blood banks to identify the hepatitis B virus in the blood of potential donors, thereby preventing the spread of the virus.

Later research by the team led to a vaccine that is now commonly given to neonates (newborns). Millman and Blumberg found that the blood of individuals who carried the hepatitis B virus contained particles of the outside coating of the virus. The coating, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is not infectious; however, HBsAG can provoke an immune response. In order to develop a vaccine, Millman and Blumberg developed a method of detaching the coatings from the virus.

He was a member of the U.S. Army's Eighth Armored Division during the Second World War, earning a Bronze Star.

César Milstein, CH, FRS was an Argentine biochemist in the field of antibody research. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 with Niels Kaj Jerne and Georges J. F. Köhler for developing the hybridoma technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies.

He demonstrated the importance of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin V genes in antibody affinity maturation. In this process, localized mutation of the immunoglobulin genes allows the production of improved antibodies, which make a major contribution to protective immunity and immunological memory

Quite apart from his own achievements, Milstein acted as a guide and inspiration to many in the antibody field, as well as devoting himself to assisting science and scientists in less developed countries. It is also worth mentioning, that even though the Nobel Prize would have made him a wealthy man, Milstein did not patent his enormous discovery since he believed that it was mankind's intellectual property. According to his beliefs, his work did not have any economic interest, only scientific.

Oskar Minkowsky, conducted the research which identified the pancreas as the source of the control of blood sugar. That research led to the discovery of insulin.

Michel Mirowski born as Mordechai Frydman  was a physician who helped develop the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).

At Sinai Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland he collaborated with Dr. Morton Mower and later Dr. Stephen Heilman's artificial pacemaker company to develop the first implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

Morton M. Mower is an American cardiologist and the co-inventor of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. He has served in several professional capacities at Sinai Hospital and Cardiac Pacemakers Inc.. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2002 for the development of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator with Michel Mirowski in the 1970s.

Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser discovered the causative agent (pathogen) of gonorrhea, a strain of bacteria that was named in his honour (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). He also discovered the bacteria which causes leprosy.

Gregory Pincus - contraceptives (early 1950's)

His first breakthrough came early, when he was able to produce in vitro fertilization in rabbits in 1934. In 1936, he published his discoveries after his experiments. His experiments involving parthenogenesis produced a rabbit that appeared on the cover of Look magazine in 1937. To create the in vitro rabbit baby, Pincus removed the ovum from the mother rabbit and placed it in a solution mixture of saline and estrone. Afterwards, he placed the "fertilized" ovum back into the rabbit

 Pincus, along with Min Chueh Chang(g), confirmed earlier research that progesterone would act as an inhibitor to ovulation.  "the pill" Enovid was tested in the Carribean islands and found to be very effective.

Isidor Isaac Rabi born Israel Isaac Rabi, was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which is used in magnetic resonance imaging. MRI

Jonas Edward Salk was an American virologist and medical researcher who developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. The vaccine's success was first made public in April 1955, and Salk chose to not patent the vaccine or seek any profit from it in order to maximize its global distribution.

Bela Schick invented the Schick test for Diptheria

Lina Stern - best known for pioneering work on blood-brain barrier, hemato-encephalic barrier 1921.

Leo H. Sternbach- Polish American chemist who is credited with first synthesizing benzodiazepines, the main class of tranquilizers. Valium.

Ludwig Traube earned great fame and honours by his establishing experimental pathophysiological research in Germany He improved the physical-medical methods like auscultation and percussion and was a taxonomist of the medical documentation. (e.g. inaugural of the temperature-pulse-frequency of respiration-curve into clinical praxis). He investigated the pathophysiology of respiration and the regulation of the body temperature, and gave a scientific basis to digitalis therapy. The narrow coherencies between heart and kidney diseases have been well demonstrated. He worked together with Rudolf Virchow (g), they substantiated the „Beiträge zur experimentellen Pathologie“.

Rosalyn Sussman Yalowwas an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally) for development of the radioimmunoassay technique. She was the second woman (after Gerty Cori), and the first American-born woman, to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique

Selman Abraham Waksman was a Russian Empire-born-American inventor, biochemist and microbiologist whose research into the decomposition of organisms that live in soil enabled the discovery of streptomycin which was the first antibiotic that could cure Tuberculosis. He discovered a number of antibiotics, and he introduced procedures that have led to the development of many others. In 1952, he was awarded the Nobel prize the Physiology or Medicine for "ingenious, systematic and successful studies of the soil microbes that led to the discovery of streptomycin." Waksman and his foundation later were sued by Albert Schatz, one of his PhD students and first discoverer of streptomycin, for minimizing Schatz's role in the discovery of streptomycin.

August Paul von Wassermanninvented the Syphilis Test

Paul Winchell        (born Paul Wilchinsky)  the ventriloquist

Winchell, who had medical training, was also an inventor, becoming the first person to build and patent a mechanical artificial heart, implantable in the chest cavity (US Patent #3097366).

Dr. Hiram S. Yellen - Invented the Yellin Clamp, used in circumcision. Also one of the two inventors of the Gomco Clamp, used for the same purpose, on the basis of his experience of using a Ford motor tyre lever.

Alexander Zalmanov - a method of capillaries restoration with special Turpentine bath. He claims yellow and white bath tonic or emulsion can be used for treatment of different acute and chronic diseases, such as:

§  diseases of nervous system, polyneuritis,

§  multiple sclerosis, leucaemia, presenility,

§  chronic prostatitis, immunopathological diseases

§  allergies, chronic bronchitis, chronic pneumonia

§  sexual disfunction

His method was approved in France by Ministry of Health in 1952.

Paul Maurice Zoll - Defibrillator/Cardiac Pacemaker (1952)

American cardiologist and one of the pioneers in the development of the artificial cardiac pacemaker and cardiac defibrillator.

He has been called "The Father of Modern Cardiac Therapy"

Paul Zoll developed methods of applying electric shocks to the surface of the chest that stimulated the heart within. When the heart of his first clinical success ceased to beat because its native stimulus signal failed, Zoll saved the man by substituting a sequence of chest shocks produced by an experimental pacemaker borrowed from Otto Krayer of the Harvard Medical School Department of Physiology. The next year he collaborated with Alan Belgard, the chief electrical engineer and co-owner of the Electrodyne Company, to develop an efficient chest surface pacemaker to conform to Paul's needs. That collaboration became long-term as together they developed production model chest surface pacemakers, clinical alarmed heart rhythm monitors, chest surface defibrillators, cardiac monitor- automatic pacemakers, and long-term implantable self-contained pacemakers.